Everything about The Qirad totally explained
The
qirad was one of the basic financial instruments of the
medieval Islamic world. It was an arrangement between one or more investors and an agent where the investors entrusted capital to an agent who then traded with it in hopes of making profit. Both parties then received a previously settled portion of the profit, though the agent wasn't liable for any losses.
Origins and History of the Qirad
Although the qirad is never mentioned the
Qur'an, many Islamic traditions attribute its origin to the Prophet
Muhammad and his companions. These traditions describe
Muhammad and his companions either using the qirad or endorsing the institution It is likely that the qirad originated in the Arabian peninsula with the pre-Islamic Arabian caravan trade and later became one of the most widespread tools of commercial activity. Many will notice that the qirad is almost identical to the institution of the
commenda later used in western Europe, though whether the qirad transformed into the commenda, or the two institutions evolved independently can't be stated with certainty.
Legal Technicalities of the Qirad
Though there existed several different major schools of Islamic law, the basic legalities of the qirad were rather uniform throughout the schools.
Dinars and
dirhams, as well as gold, silver, and copper coins in circulation were allowed to be invested. However, goods such as barley were restricted from the qirad because the possible fluctuations in their value in the free market.
The agent was allowed to take the investment and split up his investments in any way as well as invest in anything he wanted. In this way, many of the third parties involved in the qirad were actually unaware of their involvement which allowed the agent to trade more freely and without liability.
Although the fractional split in profit was agreed on beforehand, the investor couldn't stipulate a specific sum of the money from the profit, or that a certain profit be made. In this way, the qirad remained a complete risk on the investor and didn't infringe on the free market economy.,
Further Information
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